Roughness

Surface roughness has critical implications for the properties and function of materials including, wettability, friction resistance, optical properties, anti-scaling performance, corrosion resistance, sensor activity, and electronic properties. Thus, using surface metrology to characterize surface roughness provides important information in describing material morphology.

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The Future of Energy: Infographic and eBook Collection

Which materials are capable of revolutionizing energy storage? Which challenges are researchers facing when developing advanced battery materials? Explore the answers to these critical questions with our collection of the Beyond Lithium-Ion Batteries infographic and three eBooks on battery research and materials inspection.

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Article

Microscopy Solutions for Electric Vehicle Battery Inspection

Learn about customized microscopy solutions that are designed to meet the demands of electric vehicle battery inspection.

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eBook 21: The Future of Alloys: Enhancing Performance Through Surface Modification

This eBook aims to expand the knowledge of the development of more robust, versatile, and long-lasting materials, displaying the transformative potential of innovative surface engineering techniques in various industrial applications.

Abstract

Impact of Substrate Thickness and Surface Roughness on Al/Ni Multilayer Reaction Kinetics

In this research, insights are offered into the intricate interplay between substrate thickness, surface roughness, and the behavior of Al/Ni reactive multilayers, opening avenues for tailored applications in various domains.

Abstract

Morphologies of Reactive Nanolayer Stacks Sputtered on Ceramic

In this study, the morphologies of reactive multilayer systems layers that are deposited on glass-ceramic low-temperature cofired ceramic substrates are analyzed.

Abstract

Controlling the Glassy State toward Structural and Mechanical Enhancement: Additive Manufacturing of Bulk Metallic Glass Using Advanced Laser Beam Shaping Technology

This study utilizes advanced laser beam shaping in LPBF to fabricate dense BMG samples, enhancing mechanical properties by controlling thermal history and promoting shear band formation, surpassing current additive manufacturing limitations.

Abstract

Influence of Salinity on Surface Ice Adhesion Strength

The study examines how salinity affects ice adhesion at sub-zero temperatures, revealing weakened adhesion with increased salinity due to stable brine, especially notable below the eutectic temperature; highlighting the importance of temperature, salinity, and surface characteristics in designing materials to mitigate ice buildup on marine structures.

Abstract

The role of mantle upwelling on the thermal history of the Tertiary-Piedmont Basin at the Alps-Apennines tectonic boundary

The abstract discusses the evolution of the Tertiary-Piedmont Basin in NW Italy, influenced by various geodynamic processes, and utilizes a multidisciplinary approach integrating fluid inclusion microthermometry, thermochronology, burial history, and numerical modeling to elucidate its thermal history, highlighting the role of mantle upwelling in generating elevated palaeo-geothermal gradients.

Abstract

Tailoring Resin–Metal Adhesion by Femtosecond Laser Surface Texturing

Femtosecond laser micromachining can effectively modify the surface of aluminum to achieve desired adhesion behavior with epoxy resin.

Abstract

Surface morphology and corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and its alloys in aqueous sulfuric acid medium

This study investigates the surface morphology and corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and its alloys, 7S10 and 7003H, in aqueous sulfuric acid medium at different temperatures. The resistance to corrosion is evaluated using open-circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results show that the current density increases with temperature for the alloys, while pure aluminum exhibits the highest corrosion resistance. Surface roughness measurements indicate that the alloys have higher roughness and experience more corrosion compared to pure aluminum. Scanning electron microscopic analysis confirms that alloy 7003H undergoes more corrosion than pure aluminum and 7S10 in sulfuric acid medium. The corrosion rate decreases with increasing immersion time.

Abstract

Dislocation toughening in single-crystal KNbO₃

Dislocation-tuned functionality in ceramics and focuses on the engineering of high dislocation densities in KNbO₃ to improve fracture toughness by a factor of 2.8. The microstructures and toughening mechanisms are examined through various microscopy methods and high-temperature tests to pinpoint the origin of the toughening effect to be dislocations.

Abstract

The formation of microcrystalline defects on the surface of silica glass arising from mechanochemical processing

The article examines defects on the surface of silica glass that appear after mechanical processing and chemical cleaning, resulting in microcrystalline defects that affect the structure of the atomic network and increase internal friction in silica glass mechanical resonators, which should be considered in the development of high-Q resonator fabrication technology.

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Evident Industrial Solutions

Are you looking for the latest information on emerging technologies and the latest trends in industry?

Abstract

Corrosion Fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V Coupons Manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition

An ≈50% decrease in fatigue life was observed in Ringer's solution at 6 Hz loading frequency, clearly important in designing implants.

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Video

Deep Learning: Even a Machine Brain Needs Training

In this online seminar you can learn how to train a neuronal network in the Olympus Stream software.

Abstract

Effect of Different Dosages of Carbon Nanotubes on the Metal Friction and Metal Wear in the Mixing Process

This paper analyzes the influence of rubber compounds with different carbon nanotubes content on the friction and wear of the end face from the perspective of formulation, and the correlation between corrosive wear and abrasive wear is studied.

Abstract

Susceptibility of Chloride Ion Concentration, Temperature, and Surface Roughness on Pitting Corrosion of CoCrFeNi Medium-entropy Alloy

The influence and susceptibility of chloride ion concentration, temperature, and surface roughness on corrosion behavior of single-phase CoCrFeNi medium-entropy alloy was examined in NaCl solution.

Abstract

A Study on the Surface Integrity of 50CrMnMoVNb Spring Steels with Different Matrix Strengths Processed by Shot Peening

Herein, the 50CrMnMoVNb spring steels with different microstructures and strengths are surface strengthened by shot peening with the same parameter, and the effect of matrix strength on surface integrity, including the roughness, residual stress, and gradient structure, is systematically studied

Abstract

Ultrastrong Spontaneous Surface Wetting of Room Temperature Liquid Metal on Treated Metal Surface

In this work, a simple chemical method is utilized to enable spontaneous wetting of liquid metal on various metal surfaces, such as copper, nickel, and iron.

Abstract

Effect of IR-laser Treatment Parameters on Surface Structure, Roughness, Wettability and Bonding Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling-printed PEEK/CF

In this study, laser surface treatment was applied to alter the surface texturing and chemical compositions of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PEEK/CF samples to improve the deficiency of inert surface of PEEK as adherend substrate.

News

Ask the Experts: Digital Image Processing

Want to get a better understanding of digital image processing techniques? Then watch the Ask the Experts webinar rerun on July 29 to learn how point and local operation filters can be used to control sources of error such as noise or low contrast in microscopy images.

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ebook

Compendium: Manufacturing and Inspection of Advanced Materials

This free eBook covers the evolving fields of additive manufacturing, thin films, electronics, surface roughness, and composites. In more than 20 article digests, you can learn about the recent developments in the manufacturing and inspection of novel materials using confocal laser scanning microscopy together with other analytical techniques.

Article Digest

Wettability of Low Weight Borides by Commercial Aluminum Alloys − A Basis for Metal Matrix Composite Fabrication

The wetting behavior of five boride substrates by liquid pure aluminum (99.5%) and and an aluminum alloy was investigated.

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A Smooth Transition to 5G: Why Geometry and Roughness Testing Is Critical in 5G PCB Manufacturing

In this webinar, you will get an insight into the rationale of 5G PCB manufacturing and why this has an impact on the whole business infrastructure. We will discuss the emerging importance of roughness testing of conductor tracks, as well as state-of-the-art inspection workflows for precision roughness testing.

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Video

Webinar: Confocal Technology - What you do not dare to ask

Learn all about confocal technology in this online seminar by Markus Fabich, Olympus.

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Video

Webinar: Roughness in a nutshell

In this online seminar, Markus Fabich, Olympus, explains why, when and how to execute a roughness tests and gives first-hand insights into workflows and instrument selection.

Abstract

Fast and Reproducible Wettability Switching on Functionalized PVDF/PMMA Surface Controlled by External Electric Field

In this paper, the novel material with controllable wettability switching triggered by external electric field is developed.

News

State of the Art Methods and Applications of 3D Roughness and Dimensional Measurements

Dr. Uwe Brand and Markus Fabich will present the latest advances in the field of roughness and dimensional measurement using optical 3D microscopy in two subsequent talks at the Wiley Analytical Science Conference 2020.

Abstract

Fabrication of Large‐area Linear and Nonlinear Surface Ripple Structures on Polystyrene Films

Ripple structures have been used in electronics, optics, magnetics, chemistry, and structural coloration. Commonly used methods for manufacturing large‐area polymeric thin films with ripple structures include mechanical buckling, fracture‐induced structures, and laser induced periodic surface structures.

Method

Surface roughness parameters

Superficial irregularities (roughness and undulation), dents, parallel grooves, and other characteristic surface features are collectively called “surface textures.” Converting these surface characteristics into numerical
measurements is referred to as surface texture
parameters.

Method

Areal method

Today, surface texture parameters are increasingly acquired through three-dimensional surface texture data with abundant areal information instead of the conventional two-dimensional contour profile curves used in profile method measurement. This is called the areal method.

Method

Profile method

Conventionally, surface texture parameters were defined based on profile curves (curves indicated by the intersection of surfaces). The formal name for this method of measurement is the profile method, but it is also known as line roughness measurement. The surface profile is generally measured with stylus probe measurement instruments.

Method

Surface Roughness: An Introduction

This introductions explains why surface roughness needs to be measured and describes trends in surface roughness measurement.

Article Digest

Assessment of Possibilities of Ceramic Biomaterial Fracture Surface Reconstruction Using Laser Confocal Microscopy and Long Working Distance Objective Lenses

The roughness of an alumina surface on an aluminum alloy was analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy using various objective lenses with different working distances. It was found that the confocal microscope provides an advantage over conventional optical microscopy in terms of image quality and resolution.

Article Digest

Super-Hydrophobic and Oleophobic Aluminum Alloy Surfaces via Chemical Etching and Functionalization

Super-hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces, on aluminum alloy substrates, were achieved by engineered surface roughness using a chemical etching process followed by the deposition of an organically modified silicate coating.

Article Digest

Effects of Multi-Scale Patterning on the Run-In Behavior of Steel – Alumina Pairings under Lubricated Conditions

Multi-scale surface roughness patterns were prepared on stainless steel substrates using micro-coining and direct laser interference patterning. The effects of hierarchical surface roughness on friction resistance were studied in steel-aluminum pairings.

Abstract

Influence of Amorphous, Carbon‐Derived Wrinkled Surface Topologies on the Colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria

Here, it is demonstrated that thermal treatment planar thin films of amorphous graphite‐like carbon (G‐aC) coatings deposited on shape memory polystyrene could be used to prepare substratum surfaces with topologies ranging from smooth undulations to those with rough distortion features.

Abstract

Wettability modification of zirconia by laser surface texturing and silanization

This paper presents the modification of wettability by nanosecond laser surface textured followed by silanization to fabricate the superhydrophobic zirconia surface. Surface modification by varying the pitch between channels leads to micro‐channel and micro‐grid pattern with different surface roughness.

Abstract

A method of assessing the strength of metal surface using film samples on titanium alloy Ti‐1023

A direct method of assessing the surface tensile strength using film samples with thicknesses of approximately 40 μm is proposed in this paper. The immediate objective of this research is to demonstrate the fundamentals of surface strength testing and prove the feasibility of preparing films by tracking the evolution of the surface integrity.

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ebook

eBook 4: Roughness

Surface roughness has critical implications for the properties and function of materials. Thus, using surface metrology to characterize surface roughness provides important information in describing material morphology. This eBook presents a selection of current methods and applications in this expanding field of research.

Abstract

Surface texture and barrier performance of poly(lactic acid)–cellulose nanocrystal extruded‐cast films

In this study, the influence of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) addition level (0.5–2 wt %) on the surface texture, thickness, and barrier properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) extruded‐cast films was assessed.

Abstract

Self‐Supplying Liquidity Oil‐Adsorbed Slippery Smooth Surface for Both Liquid and Solid Repellency

Herein, a smooth slippery liquid‐infused surface with a flat base‐layer is developed as a multifunctional tribosurface, which is termed a friction‐reducing liquidity oil‐adsorbed tribo‐surface.

Abstract

Superhydrophobic/oleophobic coatings based on a catalyst driven thiol‐epoxy‐acrylate ternary system

This study presents a facile approach for creating superhydrophobic coatings that are also oleophobic by utilizing spray deposition of polymers mixed with silica particles as an easy and effective route to control the surface roughness of the coatings.

Abstract

Micro–Nano‐Texturing Inner Surfaces of Small‐Caliber High Aspect Ratio and Superhydrophobic Artificial Vessels using Femtosecond Laser Filamenting Pulses

A fabrication approach that can produce in situ microstructures on the inner surface of small‐caliber tubules is reported. It is shown that the inner‐surface fabrication with an aspect ratio as high as 10:1 can be achieved and the processed samples exhibit significant changes in physical properties including roughness and hydrophobicity.

Abstract

Three‐dimensional reconstructions of solid surfaces using conventional microscopes

The three‐dimensional digital replicas of solid surfaces are subject of interest of different branches of science and technology. The present paper in its introductory parts brings an overview of the various microscopic reconstructive techniques based on optical sectioning.

Abstract

A Method to Form Smooth Films of Liquid Metal Supported by Elastomeric Substrate

Several methods are proposed to manipulate and pattern liquid metal films into elastic conductors but all lack precise control over the film thickness and roughness, thereby limiting its uniformity, stability, and reproducibility. Here, an approach relying solely on wetting phenomena is proposed to produce smooth film of liquid gallium (Ga) on extended surface areas with controlled thickness and electrical properties.

Abstract

Gecko‐Effect Inspired Soft Gripper with High and Switchable Adhesion for Rough Surfaces

Geckos owe this ability to the hierarchical structures under their toes. These structures are responsible for substantial adhesion and, at the same time, for quick attachment/detachment by mechanical stimulus of toe muscles. Inspired by such stimuli‐responsive systems in nature, an active adhesive soft gripper for rough surfaces is proposed in this study.

Abstract

Biomimetic Self‐Cleaning Anisotropic Solid Slippery Surface with Excellent Stability and Restoration

Inspired by solid epicuticular wax on the surface of land plant leaves, a type of biomimetic anisotropic solid slippery surface (ASSS) based on paraffin wax‐incorporated paper with directional micro‐grooves is reported herein. This ASSS material shows anisotropic sliding behavior for liquid droplets with different surface tensions.

Video

Advanced Optical Metrology Hub Video

Get a glimpse of what the Advanced Optical Metrology Hub has to offer in this short video!